中国国债十大持有国

China's national debt is held by various countries, with Japan, South Korea, and Australia being the largest holders. As the world's second-largest bond market, China still has a relatively low percentage of foreign companies holding its bonds. In 2020, foreign investors held 8.7% of China's onshore government bonds, with the majority of them held by Japan. The main holders of China's national debt within the country include social security funds, banks, insurance companies, securities firms, and mutual funds. China's holdings of U.S. treasury bonds simply mean that China has purchased debt from the U.S., indicating that the U.S. has borrowed money from China. The ranking of countries holding China's national debt is influenced by economic, political, and interest-driven factors. Some smaller European countries, such as the Netherlands and Luxembourg, rank relatively high in terms of holdings, possibly due to interest-driven motivations. Foreign investors can purchase RMB government bonds through two main methods: QFII-qualified investors can buy them in the Hong Kong secondary market, or they can sign specific agreements with the Chinese government. To reduce risk, China has been selling off U.S. bonds and has cleared $500 billion worth of such bonds over the past year, leaving approximately $800 billion remaining. Japan's debt ratio is even higher than that of the U.S., with its current debt size reaching $10.5 trillion. China has also been selling off its U.S. debt, having sold $188 billion worth by 2016. The total amount of U.S. debt held by various countries is constantly changing, and the trend can be mainly observed through China's actions. In January and February 2020 alone, China increased its holdings of U.S. debt by $22.4 billion, making it the second-largest holder of U.S. debt. Japan, after increasing its holdings, currently holds $12.6 trillion of U.S. debt and ranks first in the world. China's current holdings of U.S. debt amount to $869 billion, placing it in second place. If Taiwan's holdings of $226 billion are included, China would move up to the first position. This article provides an overview of China's national debt and the ranking of the countries holding it, highlighting key points and providing a comprehensive understanding of the topic.